Endocrine Glands

Hormones are secreted by a variety of endocrine glands, including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, testes, ovaries, pineal, kidneys, gastrointestinal glands, heart, and thymus. Some hormones regulate a single type of cell or organ, while others have more widespread actions. The specificity of hormonal action is determined by the presence of specific receptors on or in the target cells.

A common principle that regulates the production and secretion of many hormones is the feedback loop. Often several hormones regulate each other in a chain. For example, the hypothalamic hormone corticotropin acts on the anterior pituitary to release ACTH, which acts on the adrenal cortex to release cortisol. In a feedback loop, the level of the last hormone regulates the production of earlier hormones in the loop. When cortisol blood levels increase, cortisol acts on the pituitary to decrease further ACTH secretion, which leads to a decrease in cortisol production. Acting in this way, feedback loops act to maintain hormones at a relatively constant level.

PREVIOUS

NEXT

LECTURE 22 INDEX

MAIN INDEX