Instructions:
Put your name and student ID number on both the test and
the scantron.
On your scantron, bubble in your student ID number. Bubble in the test
version.
Only use pencil (spare ones up front). Erase stray marks fully. No stray marks
in the row of black lines.
On your scantron, identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
If you think there is an error on the test,
make a note on your test (not the scantron) and tell the instructor on the way out.
Double
check your scantron for "double bubbles" or missing answers. There is no penalty for
guessing.
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1.
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The _____, which bears flowers, roots, stems, and leaves, dominates the life
cycle of flowering plants
a. | sporophyte | b. | gametophyte |
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2.
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Gill slits function in _____ .
a. | respiration | b. | circulation | c. | food
trapping | d. | water regulation | e. | both a and c |
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3.
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A speciation pattern which exhibits branching of populations is termed
a. | allopatric. | b. | anagenesis. | c. | nondivergent. | d. | hybridizing. | e. | cladogenesis. |
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4.
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Four of the five answers listed below are heterotrophs. Select the
exception.
a. | fungus | b. | carrot | c. | earthworm | d. | lobster | e. | parasite |
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5.
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Genetic variation gives rise to variation in _____ traits.
a. | morphological | b. | physiological | c. | behavioral | d. | all of the
above |
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6.
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Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?
a. | B cell | b. | T cell | c. | Natural killer
cell | d. | Macrophage |
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7.
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Cotyledons develop as part of all flowering plant _____ .
a. | seeds | b. | fruits | c. | embryos | d. | ovaries |
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8.
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Humans belong to all but which one of the following?
a. | hominids | b. | hominoids | c. | prosimians | d. | anthropoids | e. | primates |
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9.
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Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most
a. | advanced. | b. | complex. | c. | primitive. | d. | widespread. | e. | specialized. |
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10.
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Single-celled photosynthetic protistans, which include most euglenoids,
chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates, are memebers of ______, the "pastures" of most aquatic
habitats.
a. | zooplankton | b. | red algae | c. | brown
algae | d. | phytoplankton |
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11.
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If the hypothalamus is cooled, what happens to the body temperature?
a. | It increases. | b. | It decreases. | c. | There is no effect
on body temperature. |
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12.
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An evolutionary tree diagram with horizontal branches that abruptly become
vertical is consistent with the _____ .
a. | gradual model of speciation | b. | punctuation model of
speciation | c. | idea of small changes in form over long spans of time | d. | both a and
c |
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13.
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Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
a. | aerobic respiration | b. | anaerobic respiration | c. | alcoholic
fermentation | d. | lactate fermentation | e. | All liberate the same amount, but through
different means. |
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14.
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The depolarization phase of an action potential is due to
a. | the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. | b. | the opening of
voltage-gated calcium channels. | c. | the closing of voltage-gated sodium
channels. | d. | the closing of voltage-gated calcium channels. | e. | none of the
above. |
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15.
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In certain organisms and under certain conditions, _____ can be used as an
energy alternative to glucose.
a. | fatty acids | b. | glycerol | c. | amino
acids | d. | all of the above |
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16.
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The DNA fragments produced by automated DNA sequencing are identified
using
a. | radioactive probes. | b. | laser beams. | c. | ultracentrifugation. | d. | electron microscopy. | e. | restriction
enzymes. |
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17.
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During muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to
a. | troponin. | b. | tropomyosin. | c. | actin. | d. | myosin. |
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18.
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Aerobic respiration is completed in the _____ .
a. | nucleus | b. | mitochondrion | c. | plasma
membrane | d. | cytoplasm |
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19.
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Only _____ have a notochord, a tubular dorsal nerve cord, a pharynx with slits
in the walls, and a tail extending past the anus.
a. | echinoderms | b. | tunicates and lancelets | c. | vertebrates | d. | both b and c | e. | all of the
above |
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20.
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The sodium-potassium pump
a. | is a form of primary active transport. | b. | pumps 3 Na+ out of a cell for every 2K+ that it
pumps in. | c. | uses ATP. | d. | is a form of secondary active
transport. | e. | is described accurately in the first three answers. |
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21.
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Which of the following can bacteria use as an energy source?
a. | hydrogen sulfide | b. | nitrites | c. | sunlight | d. | ammonia | e. | all of
these |
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22.
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At equilibrium, when the neuron is at rest,
a. | the concentration of K+ ions is the same on both sides of the neuronal
plasma membrane. | b. | the concentration of K+ ions is higher inside the cell, but the diffusion
force driving K+ ions out of the cell is balanced by an electrical force keeping
K+ from leaving the cell. | c. | sodium and potassium ion concentrations are the
same on both sides of the plasma membrane. |
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23.
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Birds differ from earlier vertebrates by
a. | their lack of scales. | b. | the land egg. | c. | the ability to
maintain a constant body temperature. | d. | the ability to fertilize eggs
internally. | e. | their possession of a dorsal nerve cord. |
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24.
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Meiosis typically results in the production of
a. | 2 diploid cells. | b. | 4 diploid cells. | c. | 4 haploid
cells. | d. | 2 haploid cells. | e. | 1 triploid
cell. |
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25.
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At the neuromuscular junction, which ion triggers the release of
neurotransmitter by causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane?
a. | Na+ | b. | K+ | c. | Mg2+ | d. | Ca2+ | e. | Cl- |
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26.
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How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded
during glycolysis?
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27.
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Although it its too simple an explanation, the concept of a key fitting into a
lock is descriptive of the
a. | inhibition of enzymes by small molecules. | b. | fit of coenzymes to
enzymes. | c. | matching of enzyme with substrate. | d. | regeneration of ATP from
ADP. | e. | stepwise cascade of electrons in the oxidation-reduction
reactions. |
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28.
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Thylakoid disks are
a. | stacked | b. | separate compartments. | c. | also called the
stroma. | d. | participants in the light-independent reactions. | e. | none of
these |
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29.
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The nutrition of some plants depends on a root-bacterium association known as a
_____ .
a. | root nodule | b. | mycorrhiza | c. | root hair
| d. | root hypha |
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30.
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Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?
a. | carbon dioxide and water | b. | nitrogen and hydrogen | c. | oxygen and carbon
dioxide | d. | water and oxygen | e. | ribose and carbon
dioxide |
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31.
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The carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin-Benson cycle is
a. | phosphoglycerate (PGA). | b. | ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP). | c. | phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL). | d. | glucose. | e. | oxaloacetate. |
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32.
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The appropriate adjective to describe DNA replication is
a. | nondisruptive. | b. | semiconservative. | c. | progressive. | d. | natural. | e. | lytic. |
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33.
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Amoebas, foraminiferans, and radiolarians are _____ .
a. | protozoans | b. | ciliates | c. | algae | d. | sporozoans |
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34.
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_____ are the most evolutionarily successful animals.
a. | arthropods | b. | annelids | c. | sponges | d. | snails and clams | e. | sea
stars |
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35.
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In phloem, organic compounds flow through _____ .
a. | collenchyma cells | b. | sieve tubes | c. | vessels | d. | tracheids |
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36.
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At the peak of the action potential,
a. | sodium channels are inactivated, while gated potassium channels
open. | b. | all gated channels close. | c. | the membrane potential reaches its most
negative value. | d. | the axon is hyperpolarized. |
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37.
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Which of the following is NOT a form of active transport?
a. | sodium-potassium pump | b. | endocytosis | c. | exocytosis | d. | diffusion | e. | none of
these |
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38.
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Sexually reproducing individuals of a species _____ .
a. | can interbreed under natural conditions | b. | can produce fertile
offspring | c. | have a shared genetic history | d. | all of the
above |
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39.
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Parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from _____ .
a. | tissues of living hosts | b. | nonlliving organic matter | c. | only living
animals | d. | none of the above |
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40.
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Amniote eggs form during the life cycle of most _____ .
a. | reptiles | b. | birds | c. | mammals | d. | all of the
above |
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41.
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Which of the following is true of monosaccharides?
a. | Monosaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. | b. | Monosaccharides are
the monomers of polysaccharides. | c. | Monosaccharides do not dissolve appreciably in
water. | d. | Monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:1:1
ratio. | e. | None of the above statements are true. |
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42.
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Smooth muscle is
a. | involuntary and nonstriated. | b. | responsible for movement of the
skeleton. | c. | involved in contraction of the heart. | d. | connected to bones by
tendons. | e. | involuntary, nonstriated, and involved in contraction of the
heart. |
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43.
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Sodium ions cross a membrane through transport proteins that receive an energy
boost. This is an example of _____ .
a. | passive transport | b. | active transport | c. | facilitated
diffusion | d. | a and c |
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44.
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Holdfasts, gas-filled floats, and a thick leathery surface are found in species
of
a. | red algae. | b. | brown algae. | c. | bryophytes. | d. | green algae. | e. | blue-green
algae. |
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45.
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A -COOH group is a(n) __________ group.
a. | carboxyl | b. | hydroxyl | c. | amino | d. | methyl | e. | ketone |
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46.
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In daytime, most plants lose _____ and take up _____.
a. | water; carbon dioxide | b. | water; oxygen | c. | oxygen;
water | d. | carbon dioxide; water |
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47.
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The most common form of sugar transported to the roots is
a. | glucose. | b. | fructose. | c. | sucrose. | d. | ribose. | e. | starch. |
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48.
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A base sequence signalilng the start of a gene is a(n) _____.
a. | promotor | b. | operator | c. | enhancer | d. | activator
protein |
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49.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. | Monocots and dicots are two classes of angiosperms. | b. | Bryophytes are
nonvascular plants. | c. | Lycophytes and angiosperms are both vascular
plants. | d. | Gymnosperms are the simplest vascular plants. |
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50.
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Electron transport systems involve _____ .
a. | enzymes, coenzymes | b. | electron transfers | c. | cell
membranes | d. | all of the above |
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51.
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A testcross involves
a. | two F1 hybrids. | b. | an F1 hybrid and an
F2 offspring. | c. | two parental organisms. | d. | an F1
hybrid and the homozygous dominant parent. | e. | an F1 hybrid and an organism
that is homozygous recessive for that trait. |
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52.
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Older roots and stems thicken through activity at ____ .
a. | apical meristems | b. | cork cambium | c. | vascular
cambium | d. | both b and c |
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53.
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A shift from reliance on _____ to reliance on _____ was pivotal in the
evolution of all vertebrates.
a. | the notochord; a backbone | b. | filter feeding; jaws | c. | gills;
lungs | d. | all of the above |
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54.
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The cells that function with the sieve tubes are the
a. | vessels. | b. | companion cells. | c. | adjunct
cells. | d. | sclereids. | e. | periderm. |
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55.
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The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis
is
a. | carbon monoxide. | b. | carbon dioxide. | c. | hydrocarbons. | d. | methane. | e. | glucose. |
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56.
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Jellyfishes, sea anemones, and their relatives have _____ symmetry, and
their cells form _____ .
a. | radial; mesoderm | b. | bilateral; tissues | c. | radial;
tissues | d. | bilateral; mesoderm |
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57.
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The human axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. | skull. | b. | ribs. | c. | pectoral
girdle. | d. | sternum. | e. | vertebral
column. |
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58.
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Whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns are classified as _____
plants.
a. | multicelled aquatic | b. | nonvascular seed | c. | seedless
vascular | d. | seed-bearing vascular |
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59.
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The Hardy-Weinberg formula
a. | is useful in determining the extent to which a sexually reproducing population is
evolving. | b. | is used to predict when genetic drift will occur in a sexually reproducing
population. | c. | is useful in determining the extent to which polyploidy is occurring in specific
plant populations. | d. | is used to predict when specific groups of
organisms will become extinct. | e. | all of these |
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60.
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Red algae
a. | are primarily marine organisms. | b. | are thought to have developed from green
algae. | c. | contain xanthophylls as their main accessory pigments. | d. | all of
these |
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61.
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Yeasts are members of which of the following?
a. | sac fungi | b. | club fungi | c. | imperfect
fungi | d. | water molds | e. | zygospore-forming
fungi |
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62.
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The signaling chemicals produced by one group of cells that affect distant
target cells are called
a. | secretions. | b. | hormones. | c. | steroids. | d. | polymers. | e. | enzymes. |
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63.
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Sickle-cell anemia first appeared in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
The causative allele entered the U.S. population when people were forcibly brought over from Africa
prior to the Civil War. In microevolutionary terms, this is a case of _____ .
a. | mutation | b. | genetic drift | c. | gene
flow | d. | natural selection |
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64.
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Of all land plants, bryophytes alone have independent _____ and attached,
dependent _____ .
a. | sporophytes; gametophytes | b. | gametophytes; sporophytes | c. | rhizoids;
zygotes | d. | rhizoids; stalked sporangia |
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65.
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Automated DNA sequencing relies on _____ .
a. | supplies of standard and labeled nucleotides | b. | primers and DNA
polymerases | c. | gel electrophoresis and a laser beam | d. | all of the
above |
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66.
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Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient is
a. | simple diffusion. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | c. | osmosis. | d. | active transport. | e. | passive
transport. |
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67.
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Which organelle is the site of most of the cell's protein synthesis?
a. | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | b. | Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum | c. | Mitochondria | d. | Nucleus | e. | Cytoplasmic
ribosomes |
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68.
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Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical
members?
a. | Arthropoda | b. | Cnidaria | c. | Platyhelminthes | d. | Mollusca | e. | Annelida |
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69.
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The only chordate feature still present in the human adult is
a. | pharyngeal gill slits. | b. | nerve cord. | c. | notochord. | d. | tail. | e. | all of
these |
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70.
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Glycolysis starts and ends in the _____ .
a. | nucleus | b. | mitochondrion | c. | plasma
membrane | d. | cytoplasm |
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71.
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The greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in
a. | glycolysis. | b. | alcoholic fermentation. | c. | anaerobic electron
transport. | d. | electron transport phosphorylation. | e. | the Krebs
cycle. |
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72.
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In simple diffusion
a. | the rate of movement of molecules is controlled by temperature and
pressure. | b. | the movement of individual molecules is random. | c. | the movement of
molecules of one substance is independent of the movement of any other substance. | d. | the net movement is
away from the region of highest concentration. | e. | all of these |
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73.
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Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water
molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?
a. | pressure flow | b. | evaporation | c. | cohesion | d. | abscission | e. | fusion |
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74.
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The instructions for growth and development are in
a. | proteins. | b. | carbohydrates | c. | DNA | d. | energy | e. | homeostasis |
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75.
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What is formed when an atom loses or gains an electron?
a. | mole | b. | ion | c. | molecule | d. | bond | e. | reaction |
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76.
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Mast cells and _____ release histamine.
a. | neutrophils | b. | basophils | c. | eosinophils | d. | dendritic cells |
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77.
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ATP is
a. | the energy currency of a cell. | b. | produced by the destruction of
ADP. | c. | expended in the process of photosynthesis. | d. | produced during the
phosphorylation of any organic compound. | e. | none of these |
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78.
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Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. | clavicle | b. | scapula | c. | fibula | d. | ribs | e. | patella |
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79.
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ICE-like proteases are _____ .
a. | structural proteins | b. | lethal weapons | c. | environmental
signals | d. | low-temperature enzymes |
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80.
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A lichen is a composite organism made up of
a. | two different fungi. | b. | a fungus and an alga. | c. | a fungus and a
gymnosperm. | d. | a fungus and a bryophyte. |
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81.
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Hydrolysis is a (an) _____ reaction.
a. | functional group transfer | b. | electron transfer | c. | rearrangement | d. | condensation | e. | cleavage |
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82.
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Bacteria reproduce by _____ .
a. | mitosis | b. | meiosis | c. | prokaryotic
fission | d. | longitudinal fission |
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83.
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Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. | possess the same number of chromosomes. | b. | breed at the same
time. | c. | are phenotypically indistinguishable. | d. | can mate and produce fertile
offspring. |
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84.
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A water environment provides more of all but which one of the following than
does air?
a. | support | b. | buoyancy | c. | constancy of
temperature | d. | oxygen | e. | resistance to
movement |
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85.
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The early hominid fossils are found in
a. | Africa. | b. | Asia. | c. | Australia. | d. | the South Pacific. | e. | Europe. |
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86.
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Which of the following is NOT related to the other three?
a. | free-living flatworms | b. | earthworms | c. | flukes | d. | tapeworms |
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87.
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The pathway in a reflex arc is
a. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, brain, motor neuron, muscle | b. | Sensory neuron,
interneuron, motor neuron, muscle | c. | Sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron,
muscle | d. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, muscle, motor neuron |
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88.
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Glycolysis
a. | occurs in the mitochondria. | b. | happens to glucose only. | c. | results in the
production of pyruvate. | d. | occurs in the cytoplasm. | e. | results in the
production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm. |
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89.
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_____ conducts water and ions; _____ conducts food.
a. | Phloem; xylem | b. | Cambium; phloem | c. | Xylem;
phloem | d. | Xylem; cambium |
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90.
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Major trends in the evolution of animals include
a. | cephalization, the development of a definite head region. | b. | the development of
types of symmetry. | c. | variation in coelomic
cavities. | d. | the development of segments. | e. | all of these |
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