Instructions:
Put your name and student ID number on both the test and
the scantron.
On your scantron, bubble in your student ID number. Bubble in the test
version.
Only use pencil (spare ones up front). Erase stray marks fully. No stray marks
in the row of black lines.
On your scantron, identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
If you think there is an error on the test,
make a note on your test (not the scantron) and tell the instructor on the way out.
Double
check your scantron for "double bubbles" or missing answers. There is no penalty for
guessing.
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1.
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The only chordate feature still present in the human adult is
a. | pharyngeal gill slits. | b. | nerve cord. | c. | notochord. | d. | tail. | e. | all of
these |
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2.
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Mast cells and _____ release histamine.
a. | neutrophils | b. | basophils | c. | eosinophils | d. | dendritic cells |
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3.
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The early hominid fossils are found in
a. | Africa. | b. | Asia. | c. | Australia. | d. | the South Pacific. | e. | Europe. |
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4.
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Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
a. | aerobic respiration | b. | anaerobic respiration | c. | alcoholic
fermentation | d. | lactate fermentation | e. | All liberate the same amount, but through
different means. |
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5.
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The human axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. | skull. | b. | ribs. | c. | pectoral
girdle. | d. | sternum. | e. | vertebral
column. |
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6.
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Holdfasts, gas-filled floats, and a thick leathery surface are found in species
of
a. | red algae. | b. | brown algae. | c. | bryophytes. | d. | green algae. | e. | blue-green
algae. |
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7.
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The _____, which bears flowers, roots, stems, and leaves, dominates the life
cycle of flowering plants
a. | sporophyte | b. | gametophyte |
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8.
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A base sequence signalilng the start of a gene is a(n) _____.
a. | promotor | b. | operator | c. | enhancer | d. | activator
protein |
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9.
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At equilibrium, when the neuron is at rest,
a. | the concentration of K+ ions is the same on both sides of the neuronal
plasma membrane. | b. | the concentration of K+ ions is higher inside the cell, but the diffusion
force driving K+ ions out of the cell is balanced by an electrical force keeping
K+ from leaving the cell. | c. | sodium and potassium ion concentrations are the
same on both sides of the plasma membrane. |
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10.
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The carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin-Benson cycle is
a. | phosphoglycerate (PGA). | b. | ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP). | c. | phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL). | d. | glucose. | e. | oxaloacetate. |
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11.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. | Monocots and dicots are two classes of angiosperms. | b. | Bryophytes are
nonvascular plants. | c. | Lycophytes and angiosperms are both vascular
plants. | d. | Gymnosperms are the simplest vascular plants. |
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12.
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Automated DNA sequencing relies on _____ .
a. | supplies of standard and labeled nucleotides | b. | primers and DNA
polymerases | c. | gel electrophoresis and a laser beam | d. | all of the
above |
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13.
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What is formed when an atom loses or gains an electron?
a. | mole | b. | ion | c. | molecule | d. | bond | e. | reaction |
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14.
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Of all land plants, bryophytes alone have independent _____ and attached,
dependent _____ .
a. | sporophytes; gametophytes | b. | gametophytes; sporophytes | c. | rhizoids;
zygotes | d. | rhizoids; stalked sporangia |
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15.
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The most common form of sugar transported to the roots is
a. | glucose. | b. | fructose. | c. | sucrose. | d. | ribose. | e. | starch. |
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16.
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Single-celled photosynthetic protistans, which include most euglenoids,
chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates, are memebers of ______, the "pastures" of most aquatic
habitats.
a. | zooplankton | b. | red algae | c. | brown
algae | d. | phytoplankton |
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17.
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Gill slits function in _____ .
a. | respiration | b. | circulation | c. | food
trapping | d. | water regulation | e. | both a and c |
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18.
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The DNA fragments produced by automated DNA sequencing are identified
using
a. | radioactive probes. | b. | laser beams. | c. | ultracentrifugation. | d. | electron microscopy. | e. | restriction
enzymes. |
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19.
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Older roots and stems thicken through activity at ____ .
a. | apical meristems | b. | cork cambium | c. | vascular
cambium | d. | both b and c |
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20.
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Aerobic respiration is completed in the _____ .
a. | nucleus | b. | mitochondrion | c. | plasma
membrane | d. | cytoplasm |
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21.
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Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?
a. | B cell | b. | T cell | c. | Natural killer
cell | d. | Macrophage |
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22.
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A -COOH group is a(n) __________ group.
a. | carboxyl | b. | hydroxyl | c. | amino | d. | methyl | e. | ketone |
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23.
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A lichen is a composite organism made up of
a. | two different fungi. | b. | a fungus and an alga. | c. | a fungus and a
gymnosperm. | d. | a fungus and a bryophyte. |
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24.
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During muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to
a. | troponin. | b. | tropomyosin. | c. | actin. | d. | myosin. |
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25.
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Meiosis typically results in the production of
a. | 2 diploid cells. | b. | 4 diploid cells. | c. | 4 haploid
cells. | d. | 2 haploid cells. | e. | 1 triploid
cell. |
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26.
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The pathway in a reflex arc is
a. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, brain, motor neuron, muscle | b. | Sensory neuron,
interneuron, motor neuron, muscle | c. | Sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron,
muscle | d. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, muscle, motor neuron |
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27.
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Birds differ from earlier vertebrates by
a. | their lack of scales. | b. | the land egg. | c. | the ability to
maintain a constant body temperature. | d. | the ability to fertilize eggs
internally. | e. | their possession of a dorsal nerve cord. |
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28.
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A speciation pattern which exhibits branching of populations is termed
a. | allopatric. | b. | anagenesis. | c. | nondivergent. | d. | hybridizing. | e. | cladogenesis. |
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29.
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Although it its too simple an explanation, the concept of a key fitting into a
lock is descriptive of the
a. | inhibition of enzymes by small molecules. | b. | fit of coenzymes to
enzymes. | c. | matching of enzyme with substrate. | d. | regeneration of ATP from
ADP. | e. | stepwise cascade of electrons in the oxidation-reduction
reactions. |
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30.
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Sickle-cell anemia first appeared in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
The causative allele entered the U.S. population when people were forcibly brought over from Africa
prior to the Civil War. In microevolutionary terms, this is a case of _____ .
a. | mutation | b. | genetic drift | c. | gene
flow | d. | natural selection |
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31.
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Which of the following can bacteria use as an energy source?
a. | hydrogen sulfide | b. | nitrites | c. | sunlight | d. | ammonia | e. | all of
these |
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32.
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The nutrition of some plants depends on a root-bacterium association known as a
_____ .
a. | root nodule | b. | mycorrhiza | c. | root hair
| d. | root hypha |
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33.
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At the neuromuscular junction, which ion triggers the release of
neurotransmitter by causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane?
a. | Na+ | b. | K+ | c. | Mg2+ | d. | Ca2+ | e. | Cl- |
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34.
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The sodium-potassium pump
a. | is a form of primary active transport. | b. | pumps 3 Na+ out of a cell for every 2K+ that it
pumps in. | c. | uses ATP. | d. | is a form of secondary active
transport. | e. | is described accurately in the first three answers. |
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35.
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Only _____ have a notochord, a tubular dorsal nerve cord, a pharynx with slits
in the walls, and a tail extending past the anus.
a. | echinoderms | b. | tunicates and lancelets | c. | vertebrates | d. | both b and c | e. | all of the
above |
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36.
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Humans belong to all but which one of the following?
a. | hominids | b. | hominoids | c. | prosimians | d. | anthropoids | e. | primates |
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37.
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Hydrolysis is a (an) _____ reaction.
a. | functional group transfer | b. | electron transfer | c. | rearrangement | d. | condensation | e. | cleavage |
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38.
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The appropriate adjective to describe DNA replication is
a. | nondisruptive. | b. | semiconservative. | c. | progressive. | d. | natural. | e. | lytic. |
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39.
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Glycolysis starts and ends in the _____ .
a. | nucleus | b. | mitochondrion | c. | plasma
membrane | d. | cytoplasm |
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40.
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Which of the following is NOT a form of active transport?
a. | sodium-potassium pump | b. | endocytosis | c. | exocytosis | d. | diffusion | e. | none of
these |
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41.
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Whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns are classified as _____
plants.
a. | multicelled aquatic | b. | nonvascular seed | c. | seedless
vascular | d. | seed-bearing vascular |
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42.
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ICE-like proteases are _____ .
a. | structural proteins | b. | lethal weapons | c. | environmental
signals | d. | low-temperature enzymes |
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43.
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Smooth muscle is
a. | involuntary and nonstriated. | b. | responsible for movement of the
skeleton. | c. | involved in contraction of the heart. | d. | connected to bones by
tendons. | e. | involuntary, nonstriated, and involved in contraction of the
heart. |
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44.
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A water environment provides more of all but which one of the following than
does air?
a. | support | b. | buoyancy | c. | constancy of
temperature | d. | oxygen | e. | resistance to
movement |
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45.
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Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water
molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?
a. | pressure flow | b. | evaporation | c. | cohesion | d. | abscission | e. | fusion |
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46.
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In certain organisms and under certain conditions, _____ can be used as an
energy alternative to glucose.
a. | fatty acids | b. | glycerol | c. | amino
acids | d. | all of the above |
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47.
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Amniote eggs form during the life cycle of most _____ .
a. | reptiles | b. | birds | c. | mammals | d. | all of the
above |
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48.
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Major trends in the evolution of animals include
a. | cephalization, the development of a definite head region. | b. | the development of
types of symmetry. | c. | variation in coelomic
cavities. | d. | the development of segments. | e. | all of these |
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49.
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The depolarization phase of an action potential is due to
a. | the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. | b. | the opening of
voltage-gated calcium channels. | c. | the closing of voltage-gated sodium
channels. | d. | the closing of voltage-gated calcium channels. | e. | none of the
above. |
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50.
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Sodium ions cross a membrane through transport proteins that receive an energy
boost. This is an example of _____ .
a. | passive transport | b. | active transport | c. | facilitated
diffusion | d. | a and c |
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51.
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Thylakoid disks are
a. | stacked | b. | separate compartments. | c. | also called the
stroma. | d. | participants in the light-independent reactions. | e. | none of
these |
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52.
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Sexually reproducing individuals of a species _____ .
a. | can interbreed under natural conditions | b. | can produce fertile
offspring | c. | have a shared genetic history | d. | all of the
above |
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53.
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At the peak of the action potential,
a. | sodium channels are inactivated, while gated potassium channels
open. | b. | all gated channels close. | c. | the membrane potential reaches its most
negative value. | d. | the axon is hyperpolarized. |
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54.
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Parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from _____ .
a. | tissues of living hosts | b. | nonlliving organic matter | c. | only living
animals | d. | none of the above |
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55.
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Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. | possess the same number of chromosomes. | b. | breed at the same
time. | c. | are phenotypically indistinguishable. | d. | can mate and produce fertile
offspring. |
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56.
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Genetic variation gives rise to variation in _____ traits.
a. | morphological | b. | physiological | c. | behavioral | d. | all of the
above |
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57.
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Amoebas, foraminiferans, and radiolarians are _____ .
a. | protozoans | b. | ciliates | c. | algae | d. | sporozoans |
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58.
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The instructions for growth and development are in
a. | proteins. | b. | carbohydrates | c. | DNA | d. | energy | e. | homeostasis |
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59.
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Which of the following is NOT related to the other three?
a. | free-living flatworms | b. | earthworms | c. | flukes | d. | tapeworms |
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60.
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If the hypothalamus is cooled, what happens to the body temperature?
a. | It increases. | b. | It decreases. | c. | There is no effect
on body temperature. |
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61.
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The Hardy-Weinberg formula
a. | is useful in determining the extent to which a sexually reproducing population is
evolving. | b. | is used to predict when genetic drift will occur in a sexually reproducing
population. | c. | is useful in determining the extent to which polyploidy is occurring in specific
plant populations. | d. | is used to predict when specific groups of
organisms will become extinct. | e. | all of these |
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62.
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A shift from reliance on _____ to reliance on _____ was pivotal in the
evolution of all vertebrates.
a. | the notochord; a backbone | b. | filter feeding; jaws | c. | gills;
lungs | d. | all of the above |
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63.
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The greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in
a. | glycolysis. | b. | alcoholic fermentation. | c. | anaerobic electron
transport. | d. | electron transport phosphorylation. | e. | the Krebs
cycle. |
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64.
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How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded
during glycolysis?
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65.
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The carbon source for organisms that derive their energy from photosynthesis
is
a. | carbon monoxide. | b. | carbon dioxide. | c. | hydrocarbons. | d. | methane. | e. | glucose. |
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66.
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The signaling chemicals produced by one group of cells that affect distant
target cells are called
a. | secretions. | b. | hormones. | c. | steroids. | d. | polymers. | e. | enzymes. |
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67.
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Jellyfishes, sea anemones, and their relatives have _____ symmetry, and
their cells form _____ .
a. | radial; mesoderm | b. | bilateral; tissues | c. | radial;
tissues | d. | bilateral; mesoderm |
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68.
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Four of the five answers listed below are heterotrophs. Select the
exception.
a. | fungus | b. | carrot | c. | earthworm | d. | lobster | e. | parasite |
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69.
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Bacteria reproduce by _____ .
a. | mitosis | b. | meiosis | c. | prokaryotic
fission | d. | longitudinal fission |
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70.
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Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. | clavicle | b. | scapula | c. | fibula | d. | ribs | e. | patella |
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71.
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Fossils found in the lowest geological strata are generally the most
a. | advanced. | b. | complex. | c. | primitive. | d. | widespread. | e. | specialized. |
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72.
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The cells that function with the sieve tubes are the
a. | vessels. | b. | companion cells. | c. | adjunct
cells. | d. | sclereids. | e. | periderm. |
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73.
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Glycolysis
a. | occurs in the mitochondria. | b. | happens to glucose only. | c. | results in the
production of pyruvate. | d. | occurs in the cytoplasm. | e. | results in the
production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm. |
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74.
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Yeasts are members of which of the following?
a. | sac fungi | b. | club fungi | c. | imperfect
fungi | d. | water molds | e. | zygospore-forming
fungi |
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75.
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Cotyledons develop as part of all flowering plant _____ .
a. | seeds | b. | fruits | c. | embryos | d. | ovaries |
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76.
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Which of the following is true of monosaccharides?
a. | Monosaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. | b. | Monosaccharides are
the monomers of polysaccharides. | c. | Monosaccharides do not dissolve appreciably in
water. | d. | Monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in about a 1:1:1
ratio. | e. | None of the above statements are true. |
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77.
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Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?
a. | carbon dioxide and water | b. | nitrogen and hydrogen | c. | oxygen and carbon
dioxide | d. | water and oxygen | e. | ribose and carbon
dioxide |
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78.
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_____ are the most evolutionarily successful animals.
a. | arthropods | b. | annelids | c. | sponges | d. | snails and clams | e. | sea
stars |
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79.
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ATP is
a. | the energy currency of a cell. | b. | produced by the destruction of
ADP. | c. | expended in the process of photosynthesis. | d. | produced during the
phosphorylation of any organic compound. | e. | none of these |
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80.
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Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical
members?
a. | Arthropoda | b. | Cnidaria | c. | Platyhelminthes | d. | Mollusca | e. | Annelida |
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81.
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Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient is
a. | simple diffusion. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | c. | osmosis. | d. | active transport. | e. | passive
transport. |
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82.
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In daytime, most plants lose _____ and take up _____.
a. | water; carbon dioxide | b. | water; oxygen | c. | oxygen;
water | d. | carbon dioxide; water |
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83.
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_____ conducts water and ions; _____ conducts food.
a. | Phloem; xylem | b. | Cambium; phloem | c. | Xylem;
phloem | d. | Xylem; cambium |
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84.
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Electron transport systems involve _____ .
a. | enzymes, coenzymes | b. | electron transfers | c. | cell
membranes | d. | all of the above |
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85.
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Which organelle is the site of most of the cell's protein synthesis?
a. | Rough endoplasmic reticulum | b. | Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum | c. | Mitochondria | d. | Nucleus | e. | Cytoplasmic
ribosomes |
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86.
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Red algae
a. | are primarily marine organisms. | b. | are thought to have developed from green
algae. | c. | contain xanthophylls as their main accessory pigments. | d. | all of
these |
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87.
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In simple diffusion
a. | the rate of movement of molecules is controlled by temperature and
pressure. | b. | the movement of individual molecules is random. | c. | the movement of
molecules of one substance is independent of the movement of any other substance. | d. | the net movement is
away from the region of highest concentration. | e. | all of these |
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88.
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A testcross involves
a. | two F1 hybrids. | b. | an F1 hybrid and an
F2 offspring. | c. | two parental organisms. | d. | an F1
hybrid and the homozygous dominant parent. | e. | an F1 hybrid and an organism
that is homozygous recessive for that trait. |
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89.
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In phloem, organic compounds flow through _____ .
a. | collenchyma cells | b. | sieve tubes | c. | vessels | d. | tracheids |
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90.
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An evolutionary tree diagram with horizontal branches that abruptly become
vertical is consistent with the _____ .
a. | gradual model of speciation | b. | punctuation model of
speciation | c. | idea of small changes in form over long spans of time | d. | both a and
c |
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