Instructions:
Put your name and student ID number on both the test and
the scantron.
On your scantron, bubble in your student ID number. Bubble in the test
version.
Only use pencil (spare ones up front). Erase stray marks fully. No stray marks
in the row of black lines.
On your scantron, identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
If you think there is an error on the test,
make a note on your test (not the scantron) and tell the instructor on the way out.
Double
check your scantron for "double bubbles" or missing answers. There is no penalty for
guessing.
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1.
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Thylakoid disks are
a. | stacked | b. | separate compartments. | c. | also called the
stroma. | d. | participants in the light-independent reactions. | e. | none of
these |
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2.
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The main photosynthetic area of a leaf is composed of
a. | mesophyll. | b. | cortex. | c. | xylem. | d. | epidermis. | e. | none of
these |
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3.
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An evolutionary tree diagram with horizontal branches that abruptly become
vertical is consistent with the _____ .
a. | gradual model of speciation | b. | punctuation model of
speciation | c. | idea of small changes in form over long spans of time | d. | both a and
c |
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4.
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Glycolysis
a. | occurs in the mitochondria. | b. | happens to glucose only. | c. | results in the
production of pyruvate. | d. | occurs in the cytoplasm. | e. | results in the
production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm. |
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5.
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Yeasts are members of which of the following?
a. | sac fungi | b. | club fungi | c. | imperfect
fungi | d. | water molds | e. | zygospore-forming
fungi |
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6.
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ATP
a. | can be produced by photosynthesis. | b. | is produced in the degradation of organic
compounds such as glucose. | c. | is generated in anaerobic
respiration. | d. | is released in aerobic respiration. | e. | all of these |
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7.
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A duplicated chromosome has _____ chromatid(s).
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8.
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Enzymes increase the rate of a given reaction by lowering what kind of
energy?
a. | combination | b. | activation | c. | thermal | d. | electrical | e. | solar |
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9.
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A water environment provides more of all but which one of the following than
does air?
a. | support | b. | buoyancy | c. | constancy of
temperature | d. | oxygen | e. | resistance to
movement |
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10.
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In alcoholic fermentation, _____ is the final acceptor of the electrons stripped
from glucose.
a. | oxygen | b. | pyruvate | c. | acetaldehyde | d. | sulfate |
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11.
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Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of
chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as
a. | autotrophs. | b. | parasites. | c. | heterotrophs. | d. | saprophytes. | e. | mutualists. |
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12.
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In certain organisms and under certain conditions, _____ can be used as an
energy alternative to glucose.
a. | fatty acids | b. | glycerol | c. | amino
acids | d. | all of the above |
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13.
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The laboratory technique used to separate the DNA fragments produced by
automated DNA sequencing is
a. | the polymerase chain reaction. | b. | gel electrophoresis. | c. | ultracentrifugation. | d. | electron microscopy. | e. | fluorescence
microscopy. |
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14.
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After meiosis within pollen sacs, haploid _____ form.
a. | megaspores | b. | microspores | c. | stamens | d. | sporophytes |
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15.
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A digestive tract is said to be complete if it at least
a. | possesses specialized regions for different digestive tasks. | b. | produces acids and
contains enzymes. | c. | is a one-way tube with a mouth and an
anus. | d. | is surrounded by muscle. |
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16.
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The pressure in the pleural cavities is always lower than atmospheric
pressure.
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17.
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Amino acids are linked by what kind of bonds to form the primary structure of a
protein?
a. | disulfide | b. | hydrogen | c. | ionic | d. | peptide | e. | none of
these |
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18.
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Chlorophyll transmits which color of light?
a. | red | b. | yellow | c. | orange | d. | green | e. | blue |
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19.
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Reptiles moved fully onto land owing to _____ .
a. | tough skin | b. | internal fertilization | c. | good
kidneys | d. | amniote eggs | e. | all of the
above |
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20.
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The first vertebrates included ____ .
a. | bony fishes | b. | jawless fishes | c. | lobe-finned
fishes | d. | both a and b |
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21.
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Under anaerobic conditions muscle cells produce
a. | ethyl alcohol. | b. | acetaldehyde. | c. | pyruvate. | d. | lactate. | e. | citrate. |
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22.
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Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical
members?
a. | Arthropoda | b. | Cnidaria | c. | Platyhelminthes | d. | Mollusca | e. | Annelida |
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23.
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The ultimate source of energy for living things is the
a. | Krebs cycle. | b. | fossil fuels. | c. | sun. | d. | glycolysis. | e. | aerobic
respiration. |
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24.
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Which of the following are produced within the anthers?
a. | ovules | b. | stamens | c. | microspores | d. | female gametophytes | e. | none of
these |
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25.
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Most animals that are more complex than cnidarians have _____ symmetry,
and _____ forms in their embryos.
a. | radial; mesoderm | b. | bilateral; endoderm | c. | bilateral;
mesoderm | d. | radial; endoderm |
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26.
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What is starch?
a. | A disaccharide made of glucose monomers. | b. | A polysaccharide
formed by a series of condensation reactions. | c. | A storage polysaccharide found in
animals | d. | The most abundant organic material on earth. | e. | None of the
above. |
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27.
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_____ are the most evolutionarily successful animals.
a. | arthropods | b. | annelids | c. | sponges | d. | snails and clams | e. | sea
stars |
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28.
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Various mammals _____ .
a. | hatch | b. | finish embryonic development in a
pouch | c. | finish embryonic development in a uterus | d. | both b and
c | e. | all of the above |
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29.
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All are Bryophytes EXCEPT
a. | hornworts. | b. | liverworts. | c. | lycopods. | d. | mosses. |
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30.
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Red algae
a. | are primarily marine organisms. | b. | are thought to have developed from green
algae. | c. | contain xanthophylls as their main accessory pigments. | d. | all of
these |
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31.
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Disruptive selection _____ .
a. | eliminates uncommon forms of alleles | b. | shifts allele frequencies in a steady,
consistent direction | c. | doesn't favor intermediate forms of a
trait | d. | both b and c |
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32.
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The nutrition of some plants depends on a root-bacterium association known as a
_____ .
a. | root nodule | b. | mycorrhiza | c. | root hair
| d. | root hypha |
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33.
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Protozoans are classified on the basis of their
a. | photosynthetic nature. | b. | life cycle. | c. | unique
structures. | d. | type of motility. | e. | feeding
habitats. |
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34.
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The Calvin-Benson cycle starts when _____ .
a. | light is available | b. | light is not available | c. | carbon dioxide is
attached to RuBP | d. | electrons leave a photosystem |
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35.
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Flowering Dogwood is most likely to be found in
a. | Temperate Deciduous Forest | b. | Coniferous Forest | c. | Shrubland | d. | Grassland | e. | Tundra |
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36.
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The sliding filament theory states that, during muscle contraction and
relaxation,
a. | actin and myosin filaments shorten and then lengthen. | b. | actin and myosin
filaments change positions relative to each other. | c. | Troponin and tropomyosin slide past each
other. |
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37.
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When molecules are broken apart in respiration
a. | the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions. | b. | the oxygen in the
compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source. | c. | the energy released
in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP. | d. | ATP is converted into ADP. | e. | ADP is released as a
waste product. |
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38.
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In an evolutionary tree diagram, a branch point represents a _____, and a branch
that ends represents _____ .
a. | single species; incomplete data on lineage | b. | single species;
extinction | c. | time of divergence; extinction | d. | time of divergence; speciation
complete |
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39.
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In the cardiac cycle, when do the atrioventricular valves close?
a. | During systole | b. | During diastole |
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40.
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Negative feedback
a. | always turns a process off. | b. | reduces an error signal in a regulatory
system. | c. | is not as common as positive feedback in regulatory systems of the
body. | d. | is a feature of ectotherms but not of endotherms. |
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41.
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The early hominid fossils are found in
a. | Africa. | b. | Asia. | c. | Australia. | d. | the South Pacific. | e. | Europe. |
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42.
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When glucose is used as the energy source, the largest amount of ATP is produced
in
a. | glycolysis. | b. | acetyl CoA formation. | c. | the Krebs
cycle. | d. | substrate-level phosphorylation. | e. | electron transport
phosphorylation. |
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43.
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What do plants need to carry on photosynthesis?
a. | H2O | b. | CO2 | c. | O2 | d. | lipid | e. | both
H2Oand CO2 |
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44.
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Which of the following includes all the others?
a. | actin | b. | myofibril | c. | myosin | d. | myofilament | e. | muscle
cell |
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45.
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The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is
a. | auxin. | b. | gibberellin. | c. | cytokinin. | d. | florigen. | e. | ethylene. |
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46.
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Of all existing vertebrates, _____ are the most diverse.
a. | cartilaginous fishes | b. | bony fishes | c. | amphibians | d. | reptiles | e. | birds |
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47.
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The Krebs cycle takes place in the
a. | ribosomes. | b. | cytoplasm. | c. | nucleus. | d. | mitochondria. | e. | chloroplasts. |
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48.
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The flowering plants and gymnosperms differ from other plants by
a. | the possession of vascular tissue. | b. | the presence of nonmotile
gametes. | c. | the presence of two types of spores. | d. | dominance by the diploid
generation. | e. | the possession of vascular tissue and dominance by the diploid
generation. |
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49.
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Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. | clavicle | b. | scapula | c. | fibula | d. | ribs | e. | patella |
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50.
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Amniote eggs form during the life cycle of most _____ .
a. | reptiles | b. | birds | c. | mammals | d. | all of the
above |
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51.
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A _____ is a vessel, the lower portion of which is an ovary in which eggs
develop, fertilization occurs, and seeds mature.
a. | pollen sac | b. | carpel | c. | receptacle | d. | sepal |
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52.
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The vertebrate jaw first appeared in which organism?
a. | fishes | b. | amphibians | c. | reptiles | d. | birds | e. | mammals |
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53.
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_____ are to proteins as _____ are to nucleic acids.
a. | Sugars; lipids | b. | Sugars; proteins | c. | Amino acids;
hydrogen bonds | d. | Amino acids; nucleotides |
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54.
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The primary reason for hybrid sterility is
a. | the inability of the hybrid to attract a mate. | b. | the difficulty in
finding a suitable habitat in which to survive. | c. | that the hybrids are usually weak and have
difficulty surviving to reproductive maturity. | d. | the difficulty in the pairing of homologous
chromosomes. | e. | the inability of the hybrid to develop an appropriate courtship
pattern. |
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55.
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During metabolism, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy source for the
following processes:
a. | reproduction and growth | b. | reproduction and
maintenance | c. | growth | d. | growth and maintenance | e. | reproduction,
growth, and maintenance |
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56.
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Allosteric inhibition is generally a result of
a. | excess substrates. | b. | binding regulatory molecules at another
site. | c. | a change in the temperature of the system. | d. | a lack of
coenzymes. | e. | pH inhibition. |
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57.
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Electron transport systems involve _____ .
a. | enzymes, coenzymes | b. | electron transfers | c. | cell
membranes | d. | all of the above |
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58.
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The resting potential of a neuron is due mostly to
a. | saltatory conduction. | b. | open Na+
channels. | c. | open K+ channels. | d. | differences in Ca2+ ion
concentration across the membrane. |
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59.
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Seeds are mature _____; fruits are mature _____ .
a. | ovaries; ovules | b. | ovules; stamens | c. | ovules;
ovaries | d. | stamens; ovaries |
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60.
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Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating
a. | purines and pyrimidines. | b. | nitrogen-containing bases. | c. | hydrogen
bonds. | d. | sugar and phosphate molecules. | e. | amines and
purines. |
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61.
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Rhizomes in the whisk ferns serve the same function as __________ in more
advanced land plants.
a. | leaves | b. | stems | c. | roots | d. | seeds | e. | flowers |
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62.
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Single-celled photosynthetic protistans, which include most euglenoids,
chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates, are memebers of ______, the "pastures" of most aquatic
habitats.
a. | zooplankton | b. | red algae | c. | brown
algae | d. | phytoplankton |
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63.
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The obvious advantage of the lactose operon system is that
a. | lactose is not needed as energy for bacteria. | b. | lactose-metabolizing
enzymes need not be made when lactose is not present. | c. | the bacteria will make lactose only in the
presence of the proper enzymes. | d. | milk is not needed for adult humans'
diet. | e. | glucose can substitute for lactose in the diet of intolerant
persons. |
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64.
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Ribosomes function as
a. | a single unit. | b. | two-part units. | c. | three-part
units. | d. | four-part units. | e. | a multidivisional
unit. |
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65.
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Interneurons
a. | connect a motor neuron and sensory neuron. | b. | determine whether a
particular motor neuron is excited or inhibited. | c. | become either sensory or motor neurons during
development. | d. | are described in both a and b. | e. | are described by none of the
above. |
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66.
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In most true fungi the individual cellular filaments of the body are
called
a. | mycelia. | b. | hyphae. | c. | mycorrhizae. | d. | asci. | e. | gills. |
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67.
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The main source of energy for humans is
a. | fats. | b. | carbohydrates. | c. | proteins. | d. | nucleotides. | e. | steroids. |
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68.
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Light of _____ is the strongest stimulus for phototropism.
a. | red wavelengths | b. | far-red wavelengths | c. | green
wavelengths | d. | blue wavelengths |
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69.
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Nephridia are
a. | circulatory organs. | b. | respiratory organs. | c. | urinary
organs. | d. | endocrine organs. | e. | part of the nervous
system. |
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70.
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The atomic number refers to the
a. | mass of an atom. | b. | number of protons in an
atom. | c. | number of both protons and neutrons in an atom. | d. | number of neutrons
in an atom. | e. | number of electrons in an atom. |
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71.
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Humans belong to all but which one of the following?
a. | hominids | b. | hominoids | c. | prosimians | d. | anthropoids | e. | primates |
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72.
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Saprobic fungi derive nutrients from _____ .
a. | nonliving organic matter | b. | living plants | c. | living
animals | d. | both b and c |
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73.
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Bluestem Grasses are most likely to be found in
a. | Temperate Deciduous Forest | b. | Coniferous Forest | c. | Rain
Forest | d. | Grassland | e. | Tundra |
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74.
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At the neuromuscular junction, which ion triggers the release of
neurotransmitter by causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane?
a. | Na+ | b. | K+ | c. | Mg2+ | d. | Ca2+ | e. | Cl- |
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75.
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Gill slits function in _____ .
a. | respiration | b. | circulation | c. | food
trapping | d. | water regulation | e. | both a and c |
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76.
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Sympatric speciation occurs
a. | gradually. | b. | rapidly. | c. | in the same
homeland. | d. | gradually and in the same homeland. | e. | rapidly and in the same
homeland. |
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77.
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The pathway in a reflex arc is
a. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, brain, motor neuron, muscle | b. | Sensory neuron,
interneuron, motor neuron, muscle | c. | Sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron,
muscle | d. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, muscle, motor neuron |
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78.
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What is the path by which air moves into the respiratory system.
a. | Nasal passage, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchus, bronchiole,
alveolus | b. | Nasal passage,pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchiole, bronchus,
alveolus | c. | Nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronciole,
alveolus | d. | Nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea, bronchiole,
alveolus |
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79.
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In simple diffusion
a. | the rate of movement of molecules is controlled by temperature and
pressure. | b. | the movement of individual molecules is random. | c. | the movement of
molecules of one substance is independent of the movement of any other substance. | d. | the net movement is
away from the region of highest concentration. | e. | all of these |
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80.
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A shift from reliance on _____ to reliance on _____ was pivotal in the
evolution of all vertebrates.
a. | the notochord; a backbone | b. | filter feeding; jaws | c. | gills;
lungs | d. | all of the above |
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81.
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Chromosome structure can be altered by a _____ .
a. | deletion | b. | duplication | c. | inversion | d. | translocation | e. | all of the
above |
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82.
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Four of the five answers listed below are familliar organelles in the cytoplasm.
Select the exception.
a. | nucleolus | b. | mitochondria | c. | ribosome | d. | Golgi apparatus | e. | chloroplast |
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83.
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Which of the following designates a normal human female?
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84.
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The evolution of flowers and insects is an example of
a. | parallel evolution. | b. | regressive evolution. | c. | coevolution. | d. | convergent evolution. | e. | divergent
evolution. |
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85.
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Only _____ have a notochord, a tubular dorsal nerve cord, a pharynx with slits
in the walls, and a tail extending past the anus.
a. | echinoderms | b. | tunicates and lancelets | c. | vertebrates | d. | both b and c | e. | all of the
above |
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86.
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Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?
a. | on the outer chloroplast membrane | b. | inside the mitochondria | c. | in the
stroma | d. | in the thylakoids | e. | none of these |
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87.
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During a _____ life cycle, amoeboid cells aggregate and form a migrating
mass.
a. | slime mold | b. | water mold | c. | chytrid | d. | sporozoan |
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88.
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Jellyfishes, sea anemones, and their relatives have _____ symmetry, and
their cells form _____ .
a. | radial; mesoderm | b. | bilateral; tissues | c. | radial;
tissues | d. | bilateral; mesoderm |
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89.
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New mycelia form after _____ germinate.
a. | hyphae | b. | mycelia | c. | spores | d. | mushrooms |
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90.
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Aerobic respiration is completed in the _____ .
a. | nucleus | b. | mitochondrion | c. | plasma
membrane | d. | cytoplasm |
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