Instructions:
Put your name and student ID number on both the test and
the scantron.
On your scantron, bubble in your student ID number. Bubble in the test
version.
Only use pencil (spare ones up front). Erase stray marks fully. No stray marks
in the row of black lines.
On your scantron, identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
If you think there is an error on the test,
make a note on your test (not the scantron) and tell the instructor on the way out.
Double
check your scantron for "double bubbles" or missing answers. There is no penalty for
guessing.
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1.
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Older roots and stems thicken through activity at ____ .
a. | apical meristems | b. | cork cambium | c. | vascular
cambium | d. | both b and c |
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2.
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According to Mendel, what kind of genes "disappear" in
F1 pea plants?
a. | sex-linked | b. | dominant | c. | recessive | d. | codominant | e. | lethal |
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3.
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Parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from _____ .
a. | tissues of living hosts | b. | nonlliving organic matter | c. | only living
animals | d. | none of the above |
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4.
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A shift from reliance on _____ to reliance on _____ was pivotal in the
evolution of all vertebrates.
a. | the notochord; a backbone | b. | filter feeding; jaws | c. | gills;
lungs | d. | all of the above |
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5.
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In the biological species concept of Ernst Mayer, what aspect of a population is
critical to determining a species?
a. | physical appearance | b. | similar behavior patterns | c. | interbreeding
capabilities | d. | polyploidy | e. | similar
genotypes |
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6.
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Disruptive selection _____ .
a. | eliminates uncommon forms of alleles | b. | shifts allele frequencies in a steady,
consistent direction | c. | doesn't favor intermediate forms of a
trait | d. | both b and c |
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7.
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DNA contains many different genes that are transcribed into different _____
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a. | proteins | b. | mRNAs only | c. | mRNAs, tRNAs, and
rRNAs | d. | all are correct |
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8.
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In the last stage of aerobic respiration, _____ is the final acceptor of
electrons that originally resided in glucose.
a. | water | b. | hydrogen | c. | oxygen | d. | NADH |
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9.
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When molecules are broken apart in respiration
a. | the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions. | b. | the oxygen in the
compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source. | c. | the energy released
in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP. | d. | ATP is converted into ADP. | e. | ADP is released as a
waste product. |
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10.
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Yeasts are members of which of the following?
a. | sac fungi | b. | club fungi | c. | imperfect
fungi | d. | water molds | e. | zygospore-forming
fungi |
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11.
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Which of the following is NOT part of the appendicular skeleton?
a. | clavicle | b. | scapula | c. | fibula | d. | ribs | e. | patella |
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12.
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The primary reason for hybrid sterility is
a. | the inability of the hybrid to attract a mate. | b. | the difficulty in
finding a suitable habitat in which to survive. | c. | that the hybrids are usually weak and have
difficulty surviving to reproductive maturity. | d. | the difficulty in the pairing of homologous
chromosomes. | e. | the inability of the hybrid to develop an appropriate courtship
pattern. |
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13.
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The main source of energy for humans is
a. | fats. | b. | carbohydrates. | c. | proteins. | d. | nucleotides. | e. | steroids. |
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14.
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The male part of a flower is the
a. | carpel. | b. | stamen. | c. | petal. | d. | sepal. | e. | pistil. |
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15.
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_____ are the most evolutionarily successful animals.
a. | arthropods | b. | annelids | c. | sponges | d. | snails and clams | e. | sea
stars |
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16.
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In daytime, most plants lose _____ and take up _____.
a. | water; carbon dioxide | b. | water; oxygen | c. | oxygen;
water | d. | carbon dioxide; water |
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17.
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Red algae
a. | are primarily marine organisms. | b. | are thought to have developed from green
algae. | c. | contain xanthophylls as their main accessory pigments. | d. | all of
these |
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18.
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Which terms accurately describe the archaebacteria?
a. | extinct, aerobic | b. | extinct, anaerobic | c. | present,
aerobic | d. | present, anaerobic |
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19.
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Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of
a. | cnidarians. | b. | sponges. | c. | jellyfish. | d. | flatworms. |
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20.
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Stroma and grana are portions of
a. | chloroplasts. | b. | mitochondria. | c. | ribosomes. | d. | chromosomes. | e. | Golgi
bodies. |
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21.
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Perpetually young tissues where cells retain the ability to divide are
a. | vascular. | b. | meristematic. | c. | protective. | d. | photosynthetic. | e. | all of
these |
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22.
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Sexually reproducing individuals of a species _____ .
a. | can interbreed under natural conditions | b. | can produce fertile
offspring | c. | have a shared genetic history | d. | all of the
above |
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23.
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The conifers, such as pines and junipers, are examples of the
a. | gymnosperms. | b. | angiosperms. | c. | bryophytes. | d. | filicinae. | e. | none of
these |
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24.
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Electron transport systems involve _____ .
a. | enzymes, coenzymes | b. | electron transfers | c. | cell
membranes | d. | all of the above |
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25.
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The first vertebrates included ____ .
a. | bony fishes | b. | jawless fishes | c. | lobe-finned
fishes | d. | both a and b |
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26.
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A DNA strand having the sequence C-G-A-T-T-G would be complementary to the
sequence
a. | C-G-A-T-T-G | b. | G-C-T-A-A-G | c. | T-A-G-C-C-T | d. | G-C-T-A-A-C |
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27.
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A seed is _____ .
a. | a female gametophyte | b. | a mature ovule | c. | a mature pollen
tube | d. | an immature embryo |
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28.
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Allopatric speciation requires
a. | gradual evolutionary changes. | b. | geographic isolation. | c. | polyploidy. | d. | adaptive
radiation. |
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29.
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A speciation pattern which exhibits branching of populations is termed
a. | allopatric. | b. | anagenesis. | c. | nondivergent. | d. | hybridizing. | e. | cladogenesis. |
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30.
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A duplicated chromosome has _____ chromatid(s).
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31.
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Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?
a. | carbon dioxide and water | b. | nitrogen and hydrogen | c. | oxygen and carbon
dioxide | d. | water and oxygen | e. | ribose and carbon
dioxide |
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32.
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Glycolysis
a. | occurs in the mitochondria. | b. | happens to glucose only. | c. | results in the
production of pyruvate. | d. | occurs in the cytoplasm. | e. | results in the
production of pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm. |
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33.
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The vertebrate jaw first appeared in which organism?
a. | fishes | b. | amphibians | c. | reptiles | d. | birds | e. | mammals |
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34.
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The Krebs cycle takes place in the
a. | ribosomes. | b. | cytoplasm. | c. | nucleus. | d. | mitochondria. | e. | chloroplasts. |
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35.
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The oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from
a. | carbon dioxide. | b. | glucose. | c. | ribulose
bisphosphate. | d. | water. | e. | atmospheric
oxygen. |
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36.
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Saprobic fungi derive nutrients from _____ .
a. | nonliving organic matter | b. | living plants | c. | living
animals | d. | both b and c |
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37.
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Bacteriophages are
a. | large bacteria. | b. | pathogens (disease-producing
bacteria). | c. | viruses. | d. | cellular components. | e. | protistans. |
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38.
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An individual water molecule shows _____
a. | polarity | b. | hydrogen-bonding capacity | c. | notable head
resistance | d. | spherelike hydration | e. | a and b |
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39.
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Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water
molecules to maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?
a. | pressure flow | b. | evaporation | c. | cohesion | d. | abscission | e. | fusion |
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40.
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The sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome is
a. | XXX. | b. | XO. | c. | XXY. | d. | XYY. | e. | none of
these |
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41.
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The fermentation pathways produce no more ATP beyond the small yield from
glycolysis, but the remaining reactions _____ .
a. | regenerate ADP | b. | regenerate NAD+ | c. | dump electrons on an
inorganic substance (not oxygen) |
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42.
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These contain enzymes and are the main organelles of intracellular
digestion.
a. | Golgi bodies | b. | ribosomes | c. | mitochondria | d. | lysosomes | e. | endoplasmic
reticula |
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43.
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Most scientists do not consider viruses to be "alive" because
a. | they have no genes. | b. | their metabolic machinery is borrowed from the
host cell. | c. | they are unable to reproduce. | d. | no definite structural features are seen under
the microscope. | e. | all of these |
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44.
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Directional selection occurs when
a. | the environment controls which organisms will survive. | b. | humans determine
which organisms will survive. | c. | the extremes of the population have a lesser
chance to survive. | d. | the extremes of the population have a better
chance to survive. | e. | the organisms on one extreme of the population
have a better chance to survive than do those on the other extreme. |
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45.
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Gametophytes are
a. | haploid plants that produce spores. | b. | diploid plants that produce
spores. | c. | haploid plants that produce gametes. | d. | diploid plants that produce
gametes. | e. | diploid or haploid plants that produce gametes. |
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46.
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The sharp reduction of the gene pool and the numbers of a population through a
severe epidemic is an example of
a. | natural selection. | b. | genetic isolation. | c. | the bottleneck
effect. | d. | the founder principle. | e. | all of these |
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47.
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The ultimate source of energy for living things is the
a. | Krebs cycle. | b. | fossil fuels. | c. | sun. | d. | glycolysis. | e. | aerobic
respiration. |
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48.
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_____ conducts water and ions; _____ conducts food.
a. | Phloem; xylem | b. | Cambium; phloem | c. | Xylem;
phloem | d. | Xylem; cambium |
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49.
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When blood glucose levels decrease (as between meals), what reserves are
tapped?
a. | glycogen | b. | fats | c. | proteins | d. | steroids | e. | amino
acids |
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50.
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The usual F2 phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross is
a. | 1:1. | b. | 2:1. | c. | 9:3:3:1. | d. | 1:2:1. | e. | 3:1. |
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51.
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The DNA molecule is usually made up of how many strands?
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52.
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During muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to
a. | troponin. | b. | tropomyosin. | c. | actin. | d. | myosin. |
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53.
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Which of the following includes all the others?
a. | actin | b. | myofibril | c. | myosin | d. | myofilament | e. | muscle
cell |
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54.
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_____ can readily diffuse across a lipid bilayer.
a. | Glucose | b. | Oxygen | c. | Carbon
dioxide | d. | b and c |
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55.
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ATP is
a. | the energy currency of a cell. | b. | produced by the destruction of
ADP. | c. | expended in the process of photosynthesis. | d. | produced during the
phosphorylation of any organic compound. | e. | none of these |
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56.
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The pressure in the pleural cavities is always lower than atmospheric
pressure.
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57.
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Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. | possess the same number of chromosomes. | b. | breed at the same
time. | c. | are phenotypically indistinguishable. | d. | can mate and produce fertile
offspring. |
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58.
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Directional selection _____ .
a. | eliminates uncommon forms of alleles | b. | shifts allele frequencies in a steady,
consistent direction | c. | favors intermediate forms of a
trait | d. | works against adaptive traits |
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59.
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Which of the following is NOT related to the other three?
a. | free-living flatworms | b. | earthworms | c. | flukes | d. | tapeworms |
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60.
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During a _____ life cycle, amoeboid cells aggregate and form a migrating
mass.
a. | slime mold | b. | water mold | c. | chytrid | d. | sporozoan |
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61.
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Between the gut and body wall of most animals is a _____ .
a. | pharynx | b. | pseudocoelom | c. | coelom | d. | archenteron |
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62.
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The pathway in a reflex arc is
a. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, brain, motor neuron, muscle | b. | Sensory neuron,
interneuron, motor neuron, muscle | c. | Sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron,
muscle | d. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, muscle, motor neuron |
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63.
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Organelles _____ .
a. | are membrane-bound compartments | b. | are typical of eukaryotic cells, not
prokaryotic cells | c. | separate chemical reactions in time and
space | d. | all of the above are features of the organelles |
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64.
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A rod shaped bacterium is called a
a. | spirillum. | b. | bacillus. | c. | coccus. | d. | both bacillus and
coccus. |
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65.
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The only chordate feature still present in the human adult is
a. | pharyngeal gill slits. | b. | nerve cord. | c. | notochord. | d. | tail. | e. | all of
these |
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66.
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Various mammals _____ .
a. | hatch | b. | finish embryonic development in a
pouch | c. | finish embryonic development in a uterus | d. | both b and
c | e. | all of the above |
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67.
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When potential mates occupy overlapping ranges but reproduce at different times,
this is a case of _____ isolation.
a. | postzygotic | b. | mechanical | c. | temporal | d. | gametic |
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68.
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In the nephron, the glomerulus filters blood, after which the filtrate - water
and solutes - enters Bowman/s capsule. From Bowman's capsule, the filtrate passes through
several regions of a long tubule. Out of which region are most of the solutes and water removed from
the tubule?
a. | Proximal convoluted tubule | b. | Distal convoluted tubule | c. | Loop of
Henle | d. | Collecting Duct |
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69.
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The flowering process is a _____ response.
a. | phototropic | b. | gravitropic | c. | photoperiodic | d. | thigmotropic |
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70.
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The first group to exhibit an amniotic egg belonged to the
a. | Aves. | b. | Amphibia. | c. | Reptilia. | d. | Osteichthyes. | e. | Mammalia. |
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71.
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Which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an
element?
a. | atom | b. | compound | c. | ion | d. | molecule | e. | mixture |
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72.
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The evolution of flowers and insects is an example of
a. | parallel evolution. | b. | regressive evolution. | c. | coevolution. | d. | convergent evolution. | e. | divergent
evolution. |
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73.
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Which of the following phyla is characterized by radially symmetrical
members?
a. | Arthropoda | b. | Cnidaria | c. | Platyhelminthes | d. | Mollusca | e. | Annelida |
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74.
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In early wood, cells have _____ diameters, _____ walls.
a. | small; thick | b. | small; thin | c. | large;
thick | d. | large; thin |
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75.
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A water-vascular system is characteristic of the
a. | arthropods. | b. | annelids. | c. | chordates. | d. | mollusks. | e. | echinoderms. |
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76.
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Thylakoid disks are
a. | stacked | b. | separate compartments. | c. | also called the
stroma. | d. | participants in the light-independent reactions. | e. | none of
these |
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77.
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An evolutionary tree diagram with horizontal branches that abruptly become
vertical is consistent with the _____ .
a. | gradual model of speciation | b. | punctuation model of
speciation | c. | idea of small changes in form over long spans of time | d. | both a and
c |
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78.
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The sodium-potassium pump
a. | is a form of primary active transport. | b. | pumps 3 Na+ out of a cell for every 2K+ that it
pumps in. | c. | uses ATP. | d. | is a form of secondary active
transport. | e. | is described accurately in the first three answers. |
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79.
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Most animals that are more complex than cnidarians have _____ symmetry,
and _____ forms in their embryos.
a. | radial; mesoderm | b. | bilateral; endoderm | c. | bilateral;
mesoderm | d. | radial; endoderm |
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80.
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Generally the only amphibian groups that entirely escaped dependency on
free-standing water are ____ .
a. | salamanders | b. | toads | c. | caecilians | d. | all require it |
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81.
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Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient is
a. | simple diffusion. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | c. | osmosis. | d. | active transport. | e. | passive
transport. |
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82.
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Hybrid inviability is an example of what kind of isolation?
a. | gametic | b. | prezygotic | c. | divergent | d. | mechanical | e. | postzygotic |
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83.
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At equilibrium, when the neuron is at rest,
a. | the concentration of K+ ions is the same on both sides of the neuronal
plasma membrane. | b. | the concentration of K+ ions is higher inside the cell, but the diffusion
force driving K+ ions out of the cell is balanced by an electrical force keeping
K+ from leaving the cell. | c. | sodium and potassium ion concentrations are the
same on both sides of the plasma membrane. |
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84.
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The resting potential of a neuron is due mostly to
a. | saltatory conduction. | b. | open Na+
channels. | c. | open K+ channels. | d. | differences in Ca2+ ion
concentration across the membrane. |
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85.
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At night, most plants conserve _____, and _____ accumulates.
a. | carbon dioxide; oxygen | b. | water; oxygen | c. | oxygen;
water | d. | water; carbon dioxide |
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86.
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ATP
a. | can be produced by photosynthesis. | b. | is produced in the degradation of organic
compounds such as glucose. | c. | is generated in anaerobic
respiration. | d. | is released in aerobic respiration. | e. | all of these |
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87.
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The carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin-Benson cycle is
a. | phosphoglycerate (PGA). | b. | ribulose bisphosphate
(RuBP). | c. | phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL). | d. | glucose. | e. | oxaloacetate. |
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88.
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The early hominid fossils are found in
a. | Africa. | b. | Asia. | c. | Australia. | d. | the South Pacific. | e. | Europe. |
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89.
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Replication of DNA
a. | produces RNA molecules. | b. | produces only new DNA. | c. | produces two
molecules, each of which is half-new and half-old DNA joined lengthwise to each
other. | d. | generates excessive DNA, which eventually causes the nucleus to
divide. | e. | is too complex to characterize. |
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90.
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These contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of
ATP.
a. | Golgi bodies | b. | ribosomes | c. | mitochondria | d. | lysosomes | e. | endoplasmic
reticula |
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