Instructions:
Put your name and student ID number on both the test and
the scantron.
On your scantron, bubble in your student ID number. Bubble in the test
version.
Only use pencil (spare ones up front). Erase stray marks fully. No stray marks
in the row of black lines.
On your scantron, identify the letter of the choice that best
completes the statement or answers the question.
If you think there is an error on the test,
make a note on your test (not the scantron) and tell the instructor on the way out.
Double
check your scantron for "double bubbles" or missing answers. There is no penalty for
guessing.
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1.
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How many ATP molecules (net yield) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded
during glycolysis?
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2.
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Birds use feathers in _____ .
a. | flight | b. | heat conservation | c. | social
functions | d. | all of the above |
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3.
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Interneurons
a. | connect a motor neuron and sensory neuron. | b. | determine whether a
particular motor neuron is excited or inhibited. | c. | become either sensory or motor neurons during
development. | d. | are described in both a and b. | e. | are described by none of the
above. |
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4.
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The joining of carbon dioxide to RuBP occurs in the
a. | thylakoids. | b. | stroma. | c. | mitochondria. | d. | cytoplasm. | e. | P700. |
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5.
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An evolutionary tree diagram with horizontal branches that abruptly become
vertical is consistent with the _____ .
a. | gradual model of speciation | b. | punctuation model of
speciation | c. | idea of small changes in form over long spans of time | d. | both a and
c |
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6.
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Although it its too simple an explanation, the concept of a key fitting into a
lock is descriptive of the
a. | inhibition of enzymes by small molecules. | b. | fit of coenzymes to
enzymes. | c. | matching of enzyme with substrate. | d. | regeneration of ATP from
ADP. | e. | stepwise cascade of electrons in the oxidation-reduction
reactions. |
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7.
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In simple diffusion
a. | the rate of movement of molecules is controlled by temperature and
pressure. | b. | the movement of individual molecules is random. | c. | the movement of
molecules of one substance is independent of the movement of any other substance. | d. | the net movement is
away from the region of highest concentration. | e. | all of these |
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8.
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Through meiosis
a. | alternate forms of genes are shuffled. | b. | parental DNA is divided and distributed to
forming gametes. | c. | the diploid chromosome number is reduced to haploid. | d. | offspring are
provided with new gene combinations. | e. | all of these |
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9.
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During a _____ life cycle, amoeboid cells aggregate and form a migrating
mass.
a. | slime mold | b. | water mold | c. | chytrid | d. | sporozoan |
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10.
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The pressure in the pleural cavities is always lower than atmospheric
pressure.
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11.
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In daytime, most plants lose _____ and take up _____.
a. | water; carbon dioxide | b. | water; oxygen | c. | oxygen;
water | d. | carbon dioxide; water |
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12.
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In spongy bone tissue the spaces are filled with
a. | air. | b. | blood. | c. | cartilage. | d. | marrow. | e. | lymph. |
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13.
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At night, most plants conserve _____, and _____ accumulates.
a. | carbon dioxide; oxygen | b. | water; oxygen | c. | oxygen;
water | d. | water; carbon dioxide |
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14.
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The signaling chemicals produced by one group of cells that affect distant
target cells are called
a. | secretions. | b. | hormones. | c. | steroids. | d. | polymers. | e. | enzymes. |
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15.
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Two individuals are members of the same species if they
a. | possess the same number of chromosomes. | b. | breed at the same
time. | c. | are phenotypically indistinguishable. | d. | can mate and produce fertile
offspring. |
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16.
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The correct operational sequence of the three processes listed below is: I. | glycolysis | II. | ETP | III. | Krebs | | |
a. | I → II →
III | b. | II → I →
III | c. | III → I →
II | d. | II → III →
I | e. | I → III →
II |
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17.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. | Monocots and dicots are two classes of angiosperms. | b. | Bryophytes are
nonvascular plants. | c. | Lycophytes and angiosperms are both vascular
plants. | d. | Gymnosperms are the simplest vascular plants. |
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18.
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What is the path by which air moves into the respiratory system.
a. | Nasal passage, trachea, larynx, pharynx, bronchus, bronchiole,
alveolus | b. | Nasal passage,pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchiole, bronchus,
alveolus | c. | Nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronciole,
alveolus | d. | Nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, bronchus, trachea, bronchiole,
alveolus |
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19.
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The nutrition of some plants depends on a root-bacterium association known as a
_____ .
a. | root nodule | b. | mycorrhiza | c. | root hair
| d. | root hypha |
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20.
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The resting potential of a neuron is due mostly to
a. | saltatory conduction. | b. | open Na+
channels. | c. | open K+ channels. | d. | differences in Ca2+ ion
concentration across the membrane. |
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21.
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The pathway in a reflex arc is
a. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, brain, motor neuron, muscle | b. | Sensory neuron,
interneuron, motor neuron, muscle | c. | Sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron,
muscle | d. | Sensory neuron, interneuron, muscle, motor neuron |
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22.
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At the neuromuscular junction, which ion triggers the release of
neurotransmitter by causing synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane?
a. | Na+ | b. | K+ | c. | Mg2+ | d. | Ca2+ | e. | Cl- |
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23.
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In most true fungi the individual cellular filaments of the body are
called
a. | mycelia. | b. | hyphae. | c. | mycorrhizae. | d. | asci. | e. | gills. |
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24.
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The sharp reduction of the gene pool and the numbers of a population through a
severe epidemic is an example of
a. | natural selection. | b. | genetic isolation. | c. | the bottleneck
effect. | d. | the founder principle. | e. | all of these |
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25.
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Allopatric speciation requires
a. | gradual evolutionary changes. | b. | geographic isolation. | c. | polyploidy. | d. | adaptive
radiation. |
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26.
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During metabolism, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is an energy source for the
following processes:
a. | reproduction and growth | b. | reproduction and
maintenance | c. | growth | d. | growth and maintenance | e. | reproduction,
growth, and maintenance |
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27.
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ATP is
a. | the energy currency of a cell. | b. | produced by the destruction of
ADP. | c. | expended in the process of photosynthesis. | d. | produced during the
phosphorylation of any organic compound. | e. | none of these |
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28.
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The acquisition of a key evolutionary innovation by a species gives evidence for
the concept of
a. | uniformitarianism. | b. | gradualism. | c. | convergence. | d. | adaptive radiation. | e. | special
creation. |
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29.
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Rhizomes in the whisk ferns serve the same function as __________ in more
advanced land plants.
a. | leaves | b. | stems | c. | roots | d. | seeds | e. | flowers |
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30.
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The human axial skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT
a. | skull. | b. | ribs. | c. | pectoral
girdle. | d. | sternum. | e. | vertebral
column. |
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31.
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The primary reason for hybrid sterility is
a. | the inability of the hybrid to attract a mate. | b. | the difficulty in
finding a suitable habitat in which to survive. | c. | that the hybrids are usually weak and have
difficulty surviving to reproductive maturity. | d. | the difficulty in the pairing of homologous
chromosomes. | e. | the inability of the hybrid to develop an appropriate courtship
pattern. |
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32.
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Movement of a molecule against a concentration gradient is
a. | simple diffusion. | b. | facilitated diffusion. | c. | osmosis. | d. | active transport. | e. | passive
transport. |
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33.
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In early wood, cells have _____ diameters, _____ walls.
a. | small; thick | b. | small; thin | c. | large;
thick | d. | large; thin |
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34.
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The first vertebrates included ____ .
a. | bony fishes | b. | jawless fishes | c. | lobe-finned
fishes | d. | both a and b |
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35.
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Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?
a. | on the outer chloroplast membrane | b. | inside the mitochondria | c. | in the
stroma | d. | in the thylakoids | e. | none of these |
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36.
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Major trends in the evolution of animals include
a. | cephalization, the development of a definite head region. | b. | the development of
types of symmetry. | c. | variation in coelomic
cavities. | d. | the development of segments. | e. | all of these |
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37.
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In the cardiac cycle, when do the atrioventricular valves close?
a. | During systole | b. | During diastole |
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38.
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When a photosystem absorbs light, _____ .
a. | sugar phosphates are produced | b. | electrons are transferred to
ATP | c. | RuBP accepts electrons | d. | light-dependent reactions
begin |
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39.
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The sister chromatids become separated during ____ of meiosis.
a. | metaphase I | b. | anaphase I | c. | telophase
I | d. | anaphase II | e. | prophase II |
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40.
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Protozoans are classified on the basis of their
a. | photosynthetic nature. | b. | life cycle. | c. | unique
structures. | d. | type of motility. | e. | feeding
habitats. |
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41.
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Which DOES NOT apply to gymnosperms and angiosperms?
a. | vascular tissues | b. | diploid dominance | c. | single spore
type | d. | all of the above |
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42.
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When glucose is used as the energy source, the largest amount of ATP is produced
in
a. | glycolysis. | b. | acetyl CoA formation. | c. | the Krebs
cycle. | d. | substrate-level phosphorylation. | e. | electron transport
phosphorylation. |
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43.
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During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, substrate is a synonym for
a. | end products. | b. | byproducts. | c. | enzymes. | d. | reactants. | e. | none of
these |
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44.
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A water-vascular system is characteristic of the
a. | arthropods. | b. | annelids. | c. | chordates. | d. | mollusks. | e. | echinoderms. |
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45.
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Birds differ from earlier vertebrates by
a. | their lack of scales. | b. | the land egg. | c. | the ability to
maintain a constant body temperature. | d. | the ability to fertilize eggs
internally. | e. | their possession of a dorsal nerve cord. |
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46.
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The laboratory technique used to separate the DNA fragments produced by
automated DNA sequencing is
a. | the polymerase chain reaction. | b. | gel electrophoresis. | c. | ultracentrifugation. | d. | electron microscopy. | e. | fluorescence
microscopy. |
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47.
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Single-celled photosynthetic protistans, which include most euglenoids,
chrysophytes, and dinoflagellates, are memebers of ______, the "pastures" of most aquatic
habitats.
a. | zooplankton | b. | red algae | c. | brown
algae | d. | phytoplankton |
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48.
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Which have a tough cuticle, a false coelom, and a complete digestive system and
are facultative anaerobes?
a. | roundworms | b. | cnidarians | c. | flatworms | d. | echinoderms | e. | porifera |
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49.
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The sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome is
a. | XXX. | b. | XO. | c. | XXY. | d. | XYY. | e. | none of
these |
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50.
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When molecules are broken apart in respiration
a. | the heat produced is used to drive biological reactions. | b. | the oxygen in the
compounds that are broken apart is used as an energy source. | c. | the energy released
in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP. | d. | ATP is converted into ADP. | e. | ADP is released as a
waste product. |
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51.
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The main photosynthetic area of a leaf is composed of
a. | mesophyll. | b. | cortex. | c. | xylem. | d. | epidermis. | e. | none of
these |
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52.
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The only chordate feature still present in the human adult is
a. | pharyngeal gill slits. | b. | nerve cord. | c. | notochord. | d. | tail. | e. | all of
these |
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53.
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In an evolutionary tree diagram, a branch point represents a _____, and a branch
that ends represents _____ .
a. | single species; incomplete data on lineage | b. | single species;
extinction | c. | time of divergence; extinction | d. | time of divergence; speciation
complete |
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54.
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Which liberates the most energy in the form of ATP?
a. | aerobic respiration | b. | anaerobic respiration | c. | alcoholic
fermentation | d. | lactate fermentation | e. | All liberate the same amount, but through
different means. |
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55.
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During the systole phase of the cardiac cycle, high blood pressure in the
ventricles forces the
a. | aortic valve to open. | b. | atria to contract. | c. | atrioventricular
valves to open. | d. | pulmonary valve to close. |
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56.
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Organisms that derive their chemical energy either from the process of
chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are classified as
a. | autotrophs. | b. | parasites. | c. | heterotrophs. | d. | saprophytes. | e. | mutualists. |
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57.
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The main source of energy for humans is
a. | fats. | b. | carbohydrates. | c. | proteins. | d. | nucleotides. | e. | steroids. |
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58.
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Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. | Auxins and gibberellins promote stem elongation. | b. | Cytokinins promote
cell division but retard leaf aging. | c. | Abscisic acid promotes water loss and
dormancy. | d. | Ethylene promotes fruit ripening and abscission. |
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59.
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Transcription
a. | occurs on the surface of the ribosome. | b. | is the final process in the assembly of a
protein. | c. | occurs during the synthesis of any type of RNA from a DNA
template. | d. | is catalyzed by DNA polymerase. | e. | all of these |
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60.
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A lichen is a composite organism made up of
a. | two different fungi. | b. | a fungus and an alga. | c. | a fungus and a
gymnosperm. | d. | a fungus and a bryophyte. |
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61.
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In a chromosome, a _____ is a constricted region with attachment sites for
microtubules.
a. | chromatid | b. | cell plate | c. | centromere | d. | cleavage |
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62.
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Which terms accurately describe the archaebacteria?
a. | extinct, aerobic | b. | extinct, anaerobic | c. | present,
aerobic | d. | present, anaerobic |
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63.
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In which organelle are steroid hormones synthesized?
a. | The rough endoplasmic reticulum | b. | The smooth endoplasmic
reticulum | c. | The mitochondrion | d. | The nucleus | e. | The
ribosome |
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64.
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Cell differentiation _____ .
a. | occurs in all complex multicelled organisms | b. | requires different
genes in different cells | c. | involves selective gene
expression | d. | both a and c | e. | all of the
above |
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65.
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Directional selection _____ .
a. | eliminates uncommon forms of alleles | b. | shifts allele frequencies in a steady,
consistent direction | c. | favors intermediate forms of a
trait | d. | works against adaptive traits |
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66.
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Generally the only amphibian groups that entirely escaped dependency on
free-standing water are ____ .
a. | salamanders | b. | toads | c. | caecilians | d. | all require it |
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67.
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In the life cycle of primitive plants, which of the following
predominates?
a. | haploid stage | b. | diploid stage | c. | large sporophyte
body | d. | both diploid stage and large sporophyte body | e. | both haploid stage
and large sporophyte body |
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68.
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The Hardy-Weinberg formula
a. | is useful in determining the extent to which a sexually reproducing population is
evolving. | b. | is used to predict when genetic drift will occur in a sexually reproducing
population. | c. | is useful in determining the extent to which polyploidy is occurring in specific
plant populations. | d. | is used to predict when specific groups of
organisms will become extinct. | e. | all of these |
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69.
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_____ are the most evolutionarily successful animals.
a. | arthropods | b. | annelids | c. | sponges | d. | snails and clams | e. | sea
stars |
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70.
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Pairing of homologues and crossing over occur during
a. | anaphase I. | b. | metaphase II. | c. | prophase
I. | d. | prophase II. | e. | telophase II. |
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71.
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At the end of the ovarian cycle, if a woman is not pregnant, the corpus
luteum
a. | disintegrates. | b. | migrates to the oviducts to await the next
menstrual cycle. | c. | attaches to the uterine lining. | d. | grows into a new
follicle. |
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72.
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Sodium ions cross a membrane through transport proteins that receive an energy
boost. This is an example of _____ .
a. | passive transport | b. | active transport | c. | facilitated
diffusion | d. | a and c |
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73.
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Whisk ferns, lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns are classified as _____
plants.
a. | multicelled aquatic | b. | nonvascular seed | c. | seedless
vascular | d. | seed-bearing vascular |
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74.
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The chromosomes have arrived at opposite poles during
a. | anaphase. | b. | metaphase. | c. | interphase. | d. | prophase. | e. | telophase. |
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75.
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The Krebs cycle takes place in the
a. | ribosomes. | b. | cytoplasm. | c. | nucleus. | d. | mitochondria. | e. | chloroplasts. |
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76.
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The light-independent reactions proceed in the _____ .
a. | cytoplasm | b. | plasma membrane | c. | stroma |
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77.
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Saprobes are
a. | cytoplasmic organelles. | b. | metabolic by-products. | c. | organisms that feed
on dead material. | d. | parasites of plants. | e. | an evolutionary dead
end. |
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78.
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Each cell is able to maintain a constant internal environment. This is
called
a. | metabolism. | b. | homeostasis. | c. | physiology. | d. | adaptation. | e. | evolution. |
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79.
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Jellyfishes, sea anemones, and their relatives have _____ symmetry, and
their cells form _____ .
a. | radial; mesoderm | b. | bilateral; tissues | c. | radial;
tissues | d. | bilateral; mesoderm |
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80.
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Negative feedback
a. | always turns a process off. | b. | reduces an error signal in a regulatory
system. | c. | is not as common as positive feedback in regulatory systems of the
body. | d. | is a feature of ectotherms but not of endotherms. |
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81.
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Euglenoids and chrysophytes are mostly _____ .
a. | photoautotrophs | b. | chemoautotrophs | c. | heterotrophs | d. | omnivorous |
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82.
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Gamete formation is
a. | the result of the process of mitosis. | b. | the pairing of homologous
chromosomes. | c. | the formation of sex cells. | d. | the fusion of gametes. | e. | a process that
occurs only in asexually reproducing forms. |
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83.
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Mast cells and _____ release histamine.
a. | neutrophils | b. | basophils | c. | eosinophils | d. | dendritic cells |
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84.
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Which of the following are produced within the anthers?
a. | ovules | b. | stamens | c. | microspores | d. | female gametophytes | e. | none of
these |
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85.
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All fungi are
a. | unicellular. | b. | multicellular. | c. | autotrophic. | d. | heterotrophic. |
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86.
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Which of the following is not a lymphocyte?
a. | B cell | b. | T cell | c. | Natural killer
cell | d. | Macrophage |
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87.
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The male part of a flower is the
a. | carpel. | b. | stamen. | c. | petal. | d. | sepal. | e. | pistil. |
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88.
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Allosteric inhibition is generally a result of
a. | excess substrates. | b. | binding regulatory molecules at another
site. | c. | a change in the temperature of the system. | d. | a lack of
coenzymes. | e. | pH inhibition. |
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89.
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In the biological species concept of Ernst Mayer, what aspect of a population is
critical to determining a species?
a. | physical appearance | b. | similar behavior patterns | c. | interbreeding
capabilities | d. | polyploidy | e. | similar
genotypes |
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90.
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The vertebrate jaw first appeared in which organism?
a. | fishes | b. | amphibians | c. | reptiles | d. | birds | e. | mammals |
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