A number of different strains have been isolated and tested. In spite of extensive work, this bacteria still cannot be reared on artificial media and this has greatly hindered commercial development.
Spores of this bacteria adhere to the cuticle of a nematode and a penetration tube develops which penetrates the nematode. Once gaining access, the bacteria reproduces inside of the nematode utilizing the cuticle as protection. Two million spores have been shown to be formed within a single nematode. Typically, the nematode survives and feeds following infection but reproduction is greatly reduced.